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| What are the components of a CPU? | | Published by: smith 2008-11-25 |
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I'm interested in CPUs. What are it's main components and could you break those down a bit as well?
All I know of is the ALU, the Control Unit, Memory, and I/O.
From what I've been able to gather, the Registers are in the Control Unit and Memory includes DRAM and Cache. The Program Counter is also in the Control Unit and this is where my knowledge ends.
I was hoping to find out if any of this was wrong or misguided or oversimplified and what other critical components I may be missing. Also if these components can be broken down into sub-parts, I'd like to know of those as well.
HowStuffWorks "How PCI Works"::
The power and speed of computer components has increased at a steady rate since desktop computers were first developed decades ago.
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I'm not interested in specialized knowledge based on specialized CPU architectures.
Just the bare bones most general architecture that is used in most CPUs.
You're doing fine. Generally, the only memory that's considered part of the CPU is the registers. The main memory is generally not part of the CPU.
Modern CPUs do include cache memory. But their operation makes that memory invisible (it just makes memory operations faster). So whether or not you want to consider that depends on whether you're trying to understand what a CPU does or how it does it.
A simple CPU contains a controller an ALU, registers, and I/O. The controller synchronizes the operations of the various parts, processes instructions and decodes them. The ALU performs arithmatic operations such as adding, subtracting, and comparing. The registers hold information for immediate use, so if you want to add two numbers, at least one of them would typically come from a register. The I/O handles interaction with external devices, without which the CPU couldn't do anything useful. External devices include main memory.
That is grossly simplified, but fairly accurate describes the first CPUs. All the rest is mainly aimed at making things faster.
I should point out that the term "CPU" has two meanings. One is the piece of plastic/ceramic you buy at the store that says "Intel" (or whatever) on it. The other is all the parts in the computer that together form the central processing unit. Generally, an off-the-shelf CPU will contains many parts that are not technically part of the CPU of a computer (functionally), such as cache memory, memory controllers, clock generators, bypass capacitors, thermal management, and so on.
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